Media and Elections

Topic IndexMedia and Elections Index

meb03a Structure of Media Ownership

meb03a01 Public/State Media
meb03a02 Private Broadcasters
meb03a03 Print Media
meb03a04 Community Media
meb03a05 Party Media

meb03b 'New' Media - the Internet

meb04 Level of Professionalism

meb04a Journalism Training

meb05 Legal Framework for Media

meb05a Constitutional Protection for Media Freedom
meb05b Statutes Affecting the Media
meb05c Other Statutory Instruments Affecting the Media
meb05d Case Law Affecting the Media

meb06 Existing Media Regulatory Frameworks

meb06a Broadcasting Regulator
meb06b Voluntary Media Council
meb06c Statutory or Constitutional Regulators

mec Law or Regulations on Media during Elections

mec01 Who Should Be Involved in the Drafting Process?
mec02 A Specified Campaign Period?
mec03 Different Obligations of Public and Private Media

mec03a Provisions that Affect Both Private and Public Media

mec03a01 Implementation Mechanism for Media and Election Regulations
mec03a02 Implementation Mechanism: Existing Media Regulatory Body
mec03a03 Implementation Mechanism: Media Self-Regulation
mec03a04 Implementation Mechanism: Electoral Commission
mec03a05 Implementation Mechanism: Specialist Body
mec03a06 Implementation Mechanism: Judiciary
mec03a07 Complaints Procedure

mec03b News Blackouts
mec03c Opinion Polls
mec03d Policies on Hate Speech and Defamation

mec03d01 International and Comparative Law on Hate Speech
mec03d02 Media Liability for Reports of Unlawful Statements
mec03d03 Hate Speech - Operations of the Regulator
mec03d04 Right of Reply to Criticism or Adverse Statements

mec03e Journalists' Right of Access to Election Events
mec03f Accreditation

mec03f01 Foreign Media

mec03g Measures to Protect Journalists

mec04 Provisions for Public Media

mec04a Allocation of Time to Candidates and Parties

mec04a01 Equal or Equitable Direct Access Coverage?
mec04a02 Equal Access for All Parties?
mec04a03 Equitable (or Fair) Access for Political Parties?
mec04a04 Criteria for Allocation of Direct Access Time
mec04a05 Timing and Length of Direct Access Slots
mec04a06 Who Pays for Direct Access Broadcasts?
mec04a07 Who Produces Direct Access Broadcasts?
mec04a08 Direct Access in Referenda

mec04b Paid Political Advertising

mec04b01 Countries that Allow Paid Political Advertising
mec04b02 A Mixed System of Advertising and Free Access
mec04b03 Political Advertising and Campaign Spending Limits

mec04c Regulation of Content of Direct Access Material?
mec04d Government's Duty to Inform - Voter Information
mec04e Balanced News Coverage

mec05 Provisions for the Private Media

med Managing Media Relations

med01 Pre-Campaign Issues
med02 Campaign Issues

med02a The Role of the Regulatory Body - Monitoring the Process
med02b The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations
med02c Media Monitoring

med02c01 Media Monitoring Methodology

med02d Professional Associations and Trade Unions

med03 Keeping the Media Informed

med03a Journalist Training
med03b Press Releases
med03c Media Briefings or Press Conferences
med03d Briefing Packs
med03e Media Centre
med03f Internet

med06a Coverage of Opinion Polls

med06a01 Questions to Ask About Opinion Polling

med06b Special Information Programming

med06b01 Debate Formats

med06c Government Activities and Campaigning
med06d News Blackouts/'Reflection Period'

med07 Election Day Reporting

med07a Media Access to Polling Stations
med07b Reporting the Vote
med07c Promoting Professional Coverage of Results

med07c01 Exit Polls
med07c02 Quick Counts

med08 Post-Election Reporting

mex Sample Materials Index

mey Case Studies Index

mey01 Where Do People Get Their Election Information? - Ukraine
mey02 An Existing Regulatory Body - Italy
mey03 Self-Regulation - United Kingdom
mey04 Electoral Commission as Media Regulator - Malawi
mey05 Specialist Media and Elections Regulator - Bosnia
mey06 Complaints Procedure - Russia
mey07 Hate Speech - Rwanda
mey08 The Operations of the Regulator on Hate Speech - Bosnia
mey09 The Operations of the Regulator on Hate Speech - United Kingdom
mey10 The Operations of the Regulator on Hate Speech - Zimbabwe
mey11 A Formula for Allocating Direct Access Slots - South Africa
mey12 Paid Political Advertising - Canada
mey13 Media Monitoring - Malawi
mey14 Media Monitoring - Bosnia
mey15 Government Activities and Campaign Reporting - Malawi
mey16 Voluntary Guidelines on Reporting Opinion Polls - United Kingdom
mey17 Code of Conduct - Zimbabwe
mey18 Reporting Exit Poll Findings - United States
mey19 An Internet Election - Romania

mez_001 Media and Elections Endnotes
mez_002 Bibliography

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